GENIOSIL^® DAPTE

1. General processing information: GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is highly miscible with organic sol-vents, such as ethers and hydrocarbons. Mixing with ketones results in imine formation, while mixing with alcohols other than ethanol leads to an autocatalytic exchange of alkoxy groups until the system reaches the thermodynamic equilibrium. GENIOSIL^® DAPTE demonstrates typical amine behavior when exposed to acids, epoxides or isocyanates. GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is highly soluble in neutral water. Caution: due to the enthalpy of solution, mixing GENIOSIL^® DAPTE with water is exothermic. It is recommended that GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is added to water, not vice versa, while stirring. A 2 wt % solution of GENIOSIL^® DAPTE in water has a pH of 10 -11 and remains stable for several weeks. Due to the reactive nature of GENIOSIL^® DAPTE, contact with moisture must be avoided during prevent undesired hydrolysis.

2. GENIOSIL^® DAPTE in glass-fiber reinforced or mineral-filled polymers: Fillers are treated either with pure GENIOSIL^® DAPTE or a solution thereof. It may be necessary to pretreat the substrate with water. The modified filler is preferably bonded to the organic material, e.g. an epoxy resin, by mixing it with a standard amine curing agent. In an alternative procedure referred to as "blending", GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is added directly to the polymer - either before the organic materials is compounded with the filler or at the same time. A prerequisite for the blending process is that GENIOSIL^® DAPTE and the polymer are compatible and that the resin and GENIOSIL^® DAPTE do not react prematurely.

3. GENIOSIL^® DAPTE as a surface modifier: Used as a primer, GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is applied as an aqueous or organic solution to an inorganic substrate (e.g. metal or glass surfaces). Once GENIOSIL^® DAPTE has dried and bonded to the surface, an organic coating may be applied using a standard technique (e.g. spraying or knife coating). GENIOSIL^® DAPTE is mainly used as a surface modifier for glass fibers, glass-fiber fabrics, fillers (e.g. glass or mineral wool, mica, talc, wollastonite, kaolin, christobalite, metal oxides) and pigments used in various plastics, including epoxy resins, polyamides, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and many others. Other important applications include its uses as an adhesion promoter in polysulfides and phenolic resins for abrasives and insulating materials and as a primer for sealants, adhesives and coatings.